Attitude Survey Essay Example for Free

Attitude Survey Essay In certain situations, it is important for psychologists to understand the attitudes of people on different issues. Attitude surveys are how psychologists gather information about attitudes of people. Then, they take this information and turn the results into empirical evidence to back up the theory or question that is impending. A person’s attitude can affect thought and behavior processes such as cognitive thinking, emotional reaction, and physical behaviors (Hogan, 2007). For my survey, I used the Likert method of attitude scale to develop my attitude assessment. I wanted to find what the attitude of smokers and non-smokers have about the smoking ban in restaurants. This paper will examine and discuss the development of my survey, administration process, scoring of the surveys, and the interpretation of the scores. Also, issues that I had while designing the survey will be discussed. Attitude Survey The development of my survey was taken from an issue that I personally was interested in because I am a smoker. When the ban first became a law, I heard many people, including myself; complain about the right to have a smoking section in restaurants for individuals who smoked. The ban has now been in effect for a few years, and I wanted to find out if smokers and non-smokers attitudes had changed on this issue. Survey Design In designing my survey, I used the Likert scale because I felt it would be the best way to gather the information I needed. This survey was designed to see how people view smoking in restaurants. These questions were answered by 6 different people, of which 3 were smokers and 3 were non-smokers. The surveyors were asked to answer each question by stating strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, or strongly disagree. The numerical scores for each question range from-2 to +2. Administration, Scoring, and Interpreting Results Administration consisted of me going to neighbor’s doors and asking them eleven questions about the smoking ban. I wanted to make sure that there were not so many questions that it would take too long. The length of time administering the test helped in getting people to take the time to answer these few short questions. The neighbors I chose were already acquainted with me as well, and that helped them to be comfortable and willing to answer my survey questions. For the scoring of the survey the lower the score the lower the satisfaction of the ban, and the higher the score implies the higher level of satisfaction. When I designed the survey I made sure that for each unfavorable answer of strongly disagree corresponded with a negative feeling towards the smoking ban. When interpreting the scores, usually it is better to have a good number of participants to answer the questions because it makes it more reliable to be able to look at the trends of how the questions are answered. Preliminary Design Issues Issues that I had were trying to get enough people to answer my survey questions. I also had an issue of how to figure the scores and put them into a scale. It took me a little time to understand how to correctly design and score. I also wanted to ask the right questions, as well as keep the survey questions short, so that people did not get tired of answering questions before the end however, still cover all the basic questions needed for this survey. I also did not want the questions to be as if I were repeating myself, so this took me a little while to figure out how to properly word my questions so to cover all the information I would need for scoring and interpretation. In conclusion, the survey I chose was to find out the attitudes of people on the smoking ban in restaurants. I used the Likert method of attitude scale for my design because I felt it was the best way to assess my selected issue. I tried to create questions that would cover cognitive factors, emotional responses, and physical behaviors in order to accurately score and interpret the attitudes about the smoking ban issue amongst smokers and non-smokers alike. References Hogan, T.P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Essay --

1) Short Introduction The wine sector has a long history that dates back to early human history, when fruit juices accidentally fermented, leaving behind a pleasant drink for people to enjoy to the present. Wine is a mark of cultural heritage; it is an ancient and celebrated drink; it is an international symbol of festivity. About 6000 BC, the first trade took place between the Ancient Armenia and Babylon. With the social and technology development, wine sector not only develop more precise control of the brewing process, but also develop a variety of new brewing methods. In the modern era, wine spread from Europe to the New World along with the conquistadores and colonists of the 16th and 17thcenturies, so they are divided into the Old World and the New World, the New World stands for the US, Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Argentina, the Old World represents France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal and other countries. The Old World stands for traditional and history, while the New World implies tec hnology and marketing. The New World has very few restrictions, producers are free to plant whatever grape varieties they want and make the wine however they deem appropriate. On the contrary, the Old World has to follow a detailed set of rules that govern what can be planted, density of planting, training and pruning methods, and so on. With the increase of competitive, there is a need for it to adapt to new conditions and market demands to stay profitable and continue its success. As far as regional origins are concerned, the French vineyard can be classified into 14 main wine- producing regions, which are, as ranked in terms of quantitative and qualitative importance: the Bordeaux, Burgundy, Beaujolais, Champagne, Alsace, Jura... ...gional wine producers were traditionally specialized in table wine, characterized by a relatively low quality and brand power, which created additional barriers to successful strategic differentiation and market re-positioning. 6. Languedoc Roussillon is not well known like Bordeaux and Burgundy, so it needs to let world to be familiar with it and improve promotion. 7. Lack of knowledge and skills. Many small wine producers were organized as traditional family firms, with exclusive agricultural and production expertise passed down from one generation to the next. In the past, the relatively constant level of demand did not require specific commercial or marketing skills to sell the produced wine. Therefore, many producers lacked the necessary expertise to understand the long-term consequences of the market failure, and the capacity to take decisive strategic action.

Evolution on Tasmainian Devils Essay

The world’s largest surviving carnivorous marsupial, the Tasmanian devil has a thick-set, squat build, with a relatively large, broad head and short, thick tail. The fur is wholly black, but white markings often occur on the rump and chest. Body size also varies greatly, depending on the diet and habitat. Adult males are usually larger than adult females. Devils once occurred on mainland Australia, but have been confined to Tasmania since pre-European times. The survival of Tasmanian Devils is threatened by Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD), and the species is now listed as Endangered. Devil facial tumour disease emerged in 1996 and causes tumours around in and around the mouth, face and neck and sometimes other parts of the Devils. The disease develops rapidly and is fatal: affected animals die within six months of the lesions first appearing. DFTD is contagious – the cancer cells are spread by biting during feeding and mating. It has spread across approximately 60% of Tasmania and has caused a rapid decline in wild Devil populations. Characteristics of Tasmanian devil cells have fourteen chromosomes, while the oldest-known strain of the tumour cells contains thirteen chromosomes, nine of which are recognizable and four of which are mutated. More recently-evolved strains have an additional mutant marker chromosome, for a total of fourteen chromosomes. The karyotype anomalies of DFTD cells are similar to those of cancer cells from canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), a cancer of dogs that is transmitted between canines by physical contact. DFTD cells are not only genetically identical to each other, but also genetically distinct from their hosts, and from all known Tasmanian devils. The cancer originated in a single female individual and spread, rather than arising separately within each individual. Later the devil developed tumours from lesions caused by infected devil’s bites, confirming that the disease is spread by allograft, and that the normal methods of transmission include biting, scratching, and aggressive sexual activity between individuals. Infectious facial cancer may be able to spread because of low diversity in devil immune genes. The same genes are also found in the tumours, so the devil’s immune system does not recognise the tumour cells as foreign. There are at least four or more strains of the cancer, showing that it is evolving, and may become more virulent. The strains may also complicate attempts to develop a vaccine, and the mutation of the cancer may mean that it could spread to other related species. Devil facial tumour disease was originated in the Schwann cells, of a single devil, most likely a female. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, and produce myelin and other proteins essential for the functions of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system. The researchers sampled 25 tumours and found that the tumours were genetically identical. Several specific markers were identified which may enable veterinarians to more easily distinguish DFTD from other types of cancer, and might eventually help identify a genetic pathway that can be targeted to treat it. Due to the decreased life expectancy of the devils due to DFTD, they have begun breeding at younger ages in the wild, with reports that many only live to participate in one breeding cycle. Tasmanian devils have changed their breeding habits in response to the disease. Females previously started breeding at the age of two, then annually for about three more years until dying normally. Now they commonly breed at the age of one, and die of tumours shortly thereafter. It is speculated that the disease is spread by devils biting each other during the mating season. Social interactions have been seen spreading DFTD. It is one of three known contagious cancers. Wild Tasmanian devil populations are being monitored to track the spread of the disease and to identify changes in disease prevalence. To determine where the presence of the disease is and determine the number of affected animals. Areas are visited repeatedly to characterise the spread of the disease over time. Field workers are also testing the effectiveness by trapping and removing diseased devils. It is hoped that the removal of diseased devils from wild populations should decrease disease prevalence and allow more devils to survive beyond their young years and breed. At present with the population reduced by 60% since 1996, if a cure is not found then scientists predict they will become extinct by 2035. Scientists and vets are working to find out how the disease can be stopped. Meanwhile, healthy pairs of Tasmanian devils have been moved to the mainland to breed in captivity. When Tasmania is once again disease free, those devils will be released into the wild.

Food And Drug Act Of 1906 - 1565 Words

Everyday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the American family, and has help thousands of people survive. Consumer safety is something that has allowed America to progress to where it is today. FDA stands for Food and Drug Administration, it is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring that foods are†¦show more content†¦It is an industry that today is in very close ties with the FDA. The FDA has lost face because it is now to closely linked with big pharmaceutical companies. It is more beneficial and profitable for ‘Big Pharma’ to have more unhealthy people because that would mean more drug sales. Mercola, Joseph, Dr. Exposing the Truth Behind FDA Approval and Guidance. The FDA is something that many people know about, but do not know what happens within the company. A majority of Americans have heard stories on the news of people making huge acquisitions of how the FDA killed their child by no correctly regulation fast food companies ; or how their husband died for a heart attack because the warning label on his bottle of medication was not correct. Dr. David Graham is the senior scientist within the FDA’s Office of Drug Safety . Graham became concerned when he started to see an increased number of patients having heart attacks and strokes after taking a large does of the drug Vioxx, back in 2002. He raised his concern to the FDA saying that the warning label needs to be changed due to his new findings. He had trouble getting this any attention from the FDA’s administration and decided it was time to ‘blow the whistle’ and go to the media. Graham made a statement saying, â€Å"The people who approve the drug in the first place, within the FDA, and take pride in the fact that they’ve brought a drug to the market - that is their baby. This is their drug.† he says this because theShow MoreRelatedFood And Drug Act Of 19061565 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the American family, and hasRead MoreThe Pure Food and Drug Act of 19061414 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act, that was years in the making was finally passed under President Ro osevelt. This law reflected a sea change in medicine-- an unprecedented wave of regulations. No longer could drug companies have a secret formula and hide potentially toxic substances such as heroin under their patent. The law required drug companies to specify the ingredients of medications on the label. It also regulated the purity and dosage of substances. Not by mere coincidence was the lawRead More History and Laws behind the Federal Food and Drug Act of 19061232 Words   |  5 PagesHistory and Laws behind the Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906 As one of the primary federal consumer-protection laws in existence today, The Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906 was a law that had two primary goals for food and drugs: (a) forbid harmful ingredients and additions and (b) demand labeling of ingredients to inform consumers. According to Janssen (1981), it was hoped that the enactment of this law wouldRead MoreProgessives and The Pure Food and Drug Act Essay862 Words   |  4 Pageslegislation that was a prime example of the progressive era, was the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This law came about due to muckraking, and also because of public and political interests. Muckraking, such as Upton Sinclair’s piece, â€Å"The Jungle†, helped in the timing of the adoption of this legislature. This piece of legislature, allowed for the regulation of processed food items in United States food markets. The Pure Food and Drug Act was assigned to the Department of Agriculture under the Bureau ofRead More Upton Sinclairâ€⠄¢s The Jungle and the Pure Food and Drug Act Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesUpton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle† and the Pure Food and Drug Act Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle,† gave the most in-depth description of the horrid truths about the way America’s food companies, â€Å"the only source of food for people living in the city,† are preparing the food they sell. â€Å"The Jungle† describes the terrible conditions of a Lithuanian family that moved to the US, and had to work, live, and die for the food companies in Chicago. â€Å"The Jungle† spurred a movement in the American peopleRead MoreThe Jungle Essay example944 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their bad products. On numerous occasions, the packing companies were tried for selling bad products, but the packing companies always came out on top (Yeager 1906). Many people felt that the trials were unfair and that the Beef Trust had its hands in the politics that lead to the false innocence of the packing industries (Yeager 1906). In 1902, Dr. Harvey Wiley created the Division of chemistry, also known as the Poison Squad. This Division of Chemistry analyzed products that were created byRead MoreEssay on The Meat Inspection Act of 1906710 Words   |  3 PagesThe Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was an attempt to regulate the meatpacking industry and to assure consumers that the meat they were eating was safe. In brief, this act made compulsory the careful inspection of meat before its consummation, established sanitary standards for slaughterhouses and processing plants, and required continuous U.S. Department of Agriculture inspection of meat processing and packaging. Yet, the most important objectives set by the law are the prevention of adulterated orRead MoreRegulatory Agency Paper1549 Words   |  7 Pages HCS/430 Federal Drug and Food Administration â€Å"The Federal Drug Administration is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA organization consist of the Office of Commissioner and four directorates overseeing four core functions of the agency: Medical Products, and Tobacco, Foods, Global Regulatory Operations, and Policy, and Operations† (FDA, 2011). The FDA is responsible ensuringRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1250 Words   |  5 Pagesservitude because of debt, also known as peonage. The first element of Roosevelt’s Square Deal began with control of corporations. To reform in this area, Roosevelt first improved the nation’s antitrust act such as the Sherman Act of 1890, which discouraged the formation of monopolies, and did not allow the act of price discrimination, which is a strategy in order the increase sales and profit which involve the action of selling the same product at different prices to different buyers. In 1903, with urgingRead MoreFood Manufactures have Taken Over1776 Words   |  7 Pagesmachines and buildings built to accommodate and the exploit the opportunity and moment at hand. Due to this sudden improvement, food manufactures being the primary industry and instrumental in their clever ways; developed a way to profit by reducing workers, encouraged unsanitary habits and unscrupulous ways which resulted as a disastrous blow to the public. This bad habit in the food industry (primarily the meat factories) in late 1800s to early 190 0s aroused one of the most controversial novel (expose) Food And Drug Act Of 1906 - 1565 Words Everyday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the American family, and has help thousands of people survive. Consumer safety is something that has allowed America to progress to where it is today. FDA stands for Food and Drug Administration, it is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring that foods are†¦show more content†¦Companies were selling drugs that were guaranteed to do things for people, with no proof to back it up. The Pure Food and Drug Act required that all foods and drugs sold across the United States carry accurate labels indicating the presence and dosages their ingredients. It also required federal inspection of meats. Today pharmaceutical industry is worth 300 billion dollars and controls a majority of the money market. It is an industry that today is in very close ties with the FDA. The FDA has lost face because it is now to closely linked with big pharmaceutical companies. It is more beneficial and profitable for ‘Big Pharma’ to have more unhealthy people because that would mean more drug sales. Mercola, Joseph, Dr. Exposing the Truth Behind FDA Approval and Guidance. The FDA is something that many people know about, but do not know what happens within the company. A majority of Americans have heard stories on the news of people making huge acquisitions of how the FDA killed their child by no correctly regulation fast food companies ; or how their husband died for a heart attack because the warning label on his bottle of medication was not correct. Dr. David Graham is the senior scientist within the FDA’s Office of Drug Safety. Graham became concerned when he started to see an